1. Izinto Ezivela Kumthombo Nokuzinza:
●Iplastiki: Yenziwe ngamafutha efosili anqongopheleyo (ioyile/igesi). Imveliso ifuna amandla amaninzi kwaye inegalelo elikhulu ekukhutshweni kweegesi ezibangela ukufudumala komhlaba.
●Iphepha Eliqhelekileyo: Lidla ngokwenziwa nge-virgin wood pulp, nto leyo enegalelo ekugawulweni kwamahlathi. Kwanephepha eliphinda lisetyenziswe lifuna ukucutshungulwa okukhulu kunye neekhemikhali.
●Ezinye Izinto Ezisekelwe Kwizityalo (umz., iPLA, Ingqolowa, Irayisi, I-Bamboo): I-PLA idla ngokwenziwa ngombona okanye ngestatshi somoba, ifuna izityalo ezikhethekileyo. Ingqolowa, irayisi, okanye iingca ze-bamboo nazo zisebenzisa iimveliso zezolimo eziphambili okanye ukuvuna okuthile.
●I-Sugarcane Bagasse: Yenziwe ngentsalela ye-fibrous (i-bagasse) eseleyo emva kokukhupha ijusi kwi-sugarcane. Yimveliso elahlwayo ephinda isetyenziswe, ayifuni mhlaba, amanzi, okanye izixhobo ezongezelelweyo ezinikezelwe kuphela ukuvelisa i-straw. Oku kuyenza isebenze kakuhle kakhulu kwaye ibe ngqukuva ngokwenene.
2. Ukuphela kobomi kunye nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo:
●Iplastiki: Ihlala ikwindalo esingqongileyo kangangeminyaka engamakhulu ukuya kumawakawaka, iqhekeka ibe ziiplastiki ezincinci. Amanqanaba okurisayikilisha iistraw aphantsi kakhulu.
●Iphepha Eliqhelekileyo: Libola kwaye linokugqunywa ngokwethiyori. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lugqunywe ngeplastiki (PFA/PFOA) okanye iiwax ukuthintela ukufuma, okukuthintela ukubola kwaye okunokushiya iiplastiki ezincinci okanye iintsalela zeekhemikhali. Kwanephepha elingagqunywanga libola kancinci kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ngaphandle kweoksijini.
●Ezinye Izinto Ezisekwe Kwizityalo (i-PLA): Ifuna izixhobo zokwenza umgquba kwimizi-mveliso (ubushushu obuphezulu kunye neentsholongwane ezithile) ukuze zibole ngokufanelekileyo. I-PLA isebenza njengeplastiki kwi-compost yasekhaya okanye kwiindawo zaselwandle kwaye ingcolisa imilambo yokuphinda isetyenziswe kweplastiki. Ingqolowa/Irayisi/Ibhamboo ziyabola kodwa amazinga okubola ayahluka.
●I-Sugarcase Bagasse: Ibola ngokwendalo kwaye iyakwazi ukubola kwimizi-mveliso nakwimizi-mveliso. Iyaphuka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunephepha kwaye ayishiyi ntsalela inobungozi. Iqinisekisiweiistraw ze-bagasse ezinomgquba azinaplastiki/i-PFA.
3. Ukuqina kunye namava omsebenzisi:
●Iplastiki: Ihlala ixesha elide kakhulu, ayimanzi.
●Iphepha Eliqhelekileyo: Liba manzi lize liwe, ingakumbi kwiziselo ezibandayo okanye ezishushu, kwimizuzu eli-10-30. Umlomo awumnandi xa umanzi.
●Ezinye Izinto Ezisekelwe Kwizityalo: I-PLA ivakala ngathi yiplastiki kodwa inokuthamba kancinci kwiziselo ezishushu. Ingqolowa/Irayisi inokuba nencasa/ubume obucacileyo kwaye isenokuthamba. I-bamboo ihlala ixesha elide kodwa idla ngokusetyenziswa kwakhona, ifuna ukuhlanjwa.
●I-Sugarcase Bagasse: Ihlala ixesha elide kakhulu kunephepha. Ihlala iiyure ezi-2-4 nangaphezulu kwiziselo ngaphandle kokumanzisa okanye ukulahlekelwa bubume besakhiwo. Inika amava omsebenzisi asondele kakhulu kwiplastiki kunakwiphepha.
4. Impembelelo kwiMveliso:
●Iplastiki: Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwekhabhoni, ungcoliseko oluvela ekutsalweni nasekucocweni.
●Iphepha Eliqhelekileyo: Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi amaninzi, ukumhlopheka kweekhemikhali (ii-dioxins ezinokubakho), ukucocwa kwemithi okusebenzisa amandla amaninzi. Iingxaki zokugawulwa kwamahlathi.
●Ezinye Izityalo Ezisekelwe Kwimveliso: Imveliso ye-PLA inzima kwaye ifuna amandla amaninzi. Ingqolowa/Irayisi/Ibhamboo ifuna izinto zolimo (amanzi, umhlaba, izibulali-zinambuzane ezinokubakho).
●I-Sugar Case Bagasse: Isebenzisa inkunkuma, inciphisa umthwalo wokulahla inkunkuma. Ukucutshungulwa kudla ngokuba namandla amancinci kwaye kudinga iikhemikhali ezininzi kunemveliso yephepha eliyi-virgin. Idla ngokusebenzisa amandla e-biomass avela ekutshisweni kwe-bagasse kwindawo yokusila, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ingabi na-carbon.
5. Ezinye izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele:
●Iplastiki: Iyingozi kwizilwanyana zasendle, inegalelo kwingxaki yeplastiki yolwandle.
●Iphepha Eliqhelekileyo: Iikhemikhali zokugquma (PFA/PFOA) ziityhefu ezihlala zikho kwindalo kwaye zinokubangela iingxaki zempilo.
●Ezinye Izinto Ezisekelwe Kwizityalo: Ukudideka kwe-PLA kukhokelela ekungcolisweni. Iingca zengqolowa zinokuba ne-gluten. I-bamboo ifuna ukucoca umzimba ukuba ingasetyenziswa kwakhona.
●I-Sugarcase Bagasse: Ayinagluten ngokwendalo. Ikhuselekile ekutyeni xa iveliswe ngokwesiqhelo. Akukho mfuneko yeekhemikhali zokugquma ukuze isebenze.
Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa yesishwankathelo:
| Uphawu | Ingca yeplastiki | Ingca eqhelekileyo yephepha | Ingca yePLA | Ezinye izityalo (Ingqolowa/Irayisi) | Ingca yeswekile/i-bagasse |
| Umthombo | Ifosili yeefuweli | I-Virgin Wood/Iphepha Eliphinda Lasetyenziswa | Isitatshi sombona/somoba | (Iziqu zengqolowa/irayisi | Inkunkuma yomoba (I-Bagasse) |
| I-Biodeg. (ikhaya) | ❌Hayi (iminyaka eyi-100+) | Icotha/Ihlala Igqunywe | ❌Hayi (iziphatha njengeplastiki) | ✅Ewe (Isantya Esiguqukayo) | ✅Ewe (Ngokukhawuleza Kakhulu) |
| I-Biodeg. (Ind.) | ❌No | Ewe (ukuba ayigqunywanga) | ✅Ewe | ✅Ewe | ✅Ewe |
| Ukuzola | ❌No | ❌Phezulu (imizuzu eli-10-30) | Okuncinci | Iphakathi | ✅Iphantsi kakhulu (iiyure ezi-2-4 nangaphezulu) |
| Ukuqina | ✅Phezulu | ❌Iphantsi | ✅Phezulu | Iphakathi | ✅Phezulu |
| Kulula ukuRisayikilisha. | Iphantsi (Ayifane yenziwe | Inzima/Ingcolisiwe | ❌Ingcolisa umlambo | ❌Ayikwazi ukuphinda isetyenziswe | ❌Ayikwazi ukuphinda isetyenziswe |
| I-Carton Footprint | ❌Phezulu | Phakathi-Phezulu | Phakathi | Phantsi-Phakathi | ✅Iphantsi (Isebenzisa inkunkuma/Imveliso engaphandle kwayo) |
| Ukusetyenziswa Komhlaba | ❌((Ukutsalwa kweoyile) | ❌(Ukutsalwa kweoyile) | (Izityalo Ezinikezelweyo) | (Izityalo Ezinikezelweyo) | ✅Akukho (Imveliso yeNkunkuma) |
| Inzuzo ephambili | Ukuqina/Ixabiso | I-Biodeg. (Ithiyori) | Ivakala Njengeplastiki | Iyabola | Ukuqina + Ukujikeleza Kwenyani + Unyawo Oluphantsi |
Iistraw ze-bakiss zomoba zibonelela ngokulinganisela okuncomekayo:
1, Iprofayili Ebalaseleyo Yendalo Esingqongileyo: Yenziwe ngenkunkuma eninzi yezolimo, inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kunye nomthwalo wokulahla inkunkuma.
2, Ukusebenza Okugqwesileyo: Ihlala ixesha elide kwaye ayinyamezeli ukufuma kuneengca zephepha, nto leyo enika amava angcono kumsebenzisi.
3, Ukugquma Kokwenyani: Kuwohloka ngokwendalo kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo ngaphandle kokushiya ii-microplastics eziyingozi okanye iintsalela zeekhemikhali (qinisekisa ukuba ziqinisekisiwe ukuba ziyagquma).
4, Impembelelo Ephantsi: Isebenzisa imveliso engasemva, idla ngokusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo kwimveliso.
Nangona kungekho ndlela ifanelekileyo yokusebenzisa kanye, umobaiistraw zebhagase imele inyathelo elibalulekileyo eliya phambili ukusuka kwiplastiki kunye nophuculo olusebenzayo kuneengca zephepha eziqhelekileyo, kusetyenziswa inkunkuma ukuze kufumaneke isisombululo esisebenzayo nesingenampembelelo ingako.
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Ixesha leposi: Julayi-16-2025
